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So, how the hell does a 16-year old kid like Jesús Aguirre end up getting a LIFE SENTENCE in horrendous PELICAN BAY PRISON, for allegedly handing his buddy a pellet gun filled with BIRDSHOT, a little before that buddy unexpectedly fired the pellet gun (from “two cars’ length away”) at an another kid’s shoulder and leg, resulting only in skin injuries that quickly healed?
I’m glad you asked. Picture it like four ladders unsteadily balanced on each other, and with just the right luck those ladders can get the D.A., judge and jury where they want to get – locking up somebody, anybody, as long as possible, as long as he was (allegedly) a gang member. Each of these ladders represents either a dubiously constitutional “tool” of law enforcement approved by frightened voters or legislators in recent decades, or a stretching of the facts by a prosecutor hungry for a young Latino scalp. I apologize that there are only three ladders in this illustration, I couldn’t find a picture of four ladders balanced on each other:
This-all happened three years ago, in a gang neighborhood of Buena Park in March of 2010 – Ramón “Knuckles” Magaña of Anaheim Barrio Pobre was hit twice with birdshot by a member of a friendly gang, Eastside Buena Park. He healed quickly, declined to press charges, and testified that Jesús was not the one who shot him. The prosecutor, Brett Brian, has also admitted Jesús was not the shooter. Jesús was apparently present however, and had handed the shooter the pellet gun earlier. The identity of the shooter, who’s still free, is an open secret in the neighborhood, but law enforcement doesn’t seem to care about it any more now that they’ve locked someone away, and nobody is dying to turn him in.
Jesús was arrested the following day and has been incarcerated ever since. He’d had no prior criminal record, making it difficult for the authorities to throw the book at him as they desired. And so, local law enforcement, in the person of the brutal BP gang Detective James Woo #1066, quickly threw one together out of a couple of previous small brushes with the law: a “graffiti” incident at age 14 which was actually CHALKING on the SIDEWALK; and going along on a “joyride” at age 15 with some other kids he didn’t realize had “borrowed” the car without permission – cases that were originally DISMISSED. Add in bicycle tickets for riding on the wrong side of the street, not wearing a helmet, letting someone ride on his handlebars, and having a lighter in his pocket (yes, you can get a ticket for that in Buena Park if you’re the right color) and there was a whopping list of SIX offenses! Such was the substance of the “criminal record” that allowed the prosecution to terrify the jury, obtain gang enhancements, and try him as an adult.
Jesús’ cousin, who sports the exact same tattoos of “Eastside” and “Buena Park” on his forearms, tells me that neither he nor his cousin “ran [or run] with a gang,” and their tats just show their pride of their neighborhood – everyone has ’em! But whether or not Jesús was an official member of a gang, that’s just common and normal in a poor Latino neighborhood, even if you and I might disapprove. Most of these gang members commit no serious crimes, and go on to live productive lives in society. [By the way, if this story starts to get comments like “serves him right for being in a gang” or “he would have eventually killed someone anyway” or “I hope he becomes someone’s bitch in prison,” I’ll delete them – you can do all your hating over at the OC Weekly or Register.]
I’ll be the first to grant that this fellow, 16 years old or not, should NOT have been wandering around Buena Park with a possibly deadly weapon tucked in his pants – at close range birdshot (like the birdshot Vice President Cheney accidentally “peppered” his lawyer’s face with) CAN be lethal. It’s also unclear exactly WHY he handed it to his friend (nicknamed “Youngster” or “Lil Frosty”) when he did, or what he thought Youngster was planning to do with it if anything. I’d go so far as to say he may have deserved a year or two in jail for all that, to teach him a lesson – but, come on, LIFE IN PRISON? Well, he’s already served three years now, having been incarcerated since March 2010, and in Pelican Bay for nearly a year now on what he expects to be a life sentence. It’s time for Jesús to go free, and start a new life!
*****
We do know that this ADHD-afflicted kid had no desire or intent or expectation that Magaña would be shot by Youngster, let alone killed. We know this from the very same surreptitious jailhouse recording in which he admitted handing the gun to “Youngster.” This non-fatal shooting, in retrospect, was most certainly over a romantic matter between the shooter and the victim’s sister Maggie of which Jesús was evidently unaware. Yet on the tape, secretly recorded eleven days later, poor clueless Jesús laments to a friend what he took to be the mistaken shooting of a member of a friendly gang. This cluelessness is innocence, legal innocence of intent to hurt Magaña at least:
“We got into a pickle and it was too late, and I recognized him but it was already too late. When we called him we saw him (‘hey, come here’) and then they just popped out of nowhere … stupid, puff, puff, puff,… he fell like that. I was gonna tell Little Frosty, but it was too late.
“I don’t know, but we fucked up, we shouldn’t have done that shit. When I left remember I left then to Ninth Street I took off I should have just kept on going. That shit was just not meant to be…
“Hey, I should have been at my pad and I shouldn’t have gone out that day. I wasn’t even gonna come out on Saturday.”
Remember, he’s confiding this to a friend, unaware that he is being recorded. These are not the words of someone who intended for Magaña to be killed, so the charge of attempted murder as accessory is unfounded. Another part of the tape tends to confirm the numerous supportive letters from friends and relatives attesting to his “good nature and averse attitude toward violence generally.” Here, he has been told by his “friend” Julio Aparicio that Magaña (“Knuckles”) had named him as the shooter. We know that Detective Woo had visited Julio the day before the recording, so maybe Julio had agreed to try to trap Jesús into making a violent threat that the prosecution could use, or MAYBE BOTH Julio and Jesús were misinformed and unaware they were being recorded…. either way Jesús does not rise to the bait:
Julio: And blast that guy Knuckles. Kill him fool.
Jesús: Fuck no, Homie.
Julio: Fuck him.
Jesús: If I ever see him in the street fool…
Julio: Kill him.
Jesús: If I ever see him in the street fool I’m just gonna ignore him like I’ll pass by that guy and just fucking like no I don’t know nothing fool.
Julio: What the fuck?
And this is the dangerous criminal we need to lock away for the rest of his life for our protection?
A Lifetime of Harassment by Detective Woo
Ask around the neighborhood about Detective James Woo – not a young Latino lacks a story of being harassed and often brutalized by him. The consensus is he must have been picked on a lot in high school and needs to take it out on everyone else. He had a particular “hard-on” for Jesús Aguirre, nobody really seems to know why. His cousin theorizes it’s because Jesús was generally the smallest kid around, hence making him irresistible to a bully like Woo, who according to numerous sources “beat him up” when he was 14, before he’d ever been in trouble for anything.
And the family has witnesses to the fact that, after engineering the secret jailhouse recording, Woo vowed that he would “make sure [Jesús] either spends the rest of his life in jail or is killed.” After which he went to work making sure it looked like the kid had a criminal, gang history, before the prosecution felt comfortable finally going to trial two years later.
(See Woo’s “contribution” to YouTube here, along with the ordinary Buena Park citizenry’s opinion of him as expressed in the comments.)
If you remember reading about this case last year, it was probably in this piece by the OC Weekly‘s star “journalist” R. Scott Moxley. Equal parts lachrymose and judgmental, the article betrays Scotty’s reverence for the law enforcement sources who keep him swimming in salacious scoops. He swoons over “accomplished veteran prosecutor” Brett Brian, while lamenting the inflexible severity of the law – but in fact Brian did NOT HAVE to try Jesús as an adult, OR include gang enhancements, OR charge him with attempted murder.
One thing Scott wrote that particularly irked Jesús Senior (the Spanish-speaking businessman father who’s been a tireless advocate for his son) was the claim that Jesús “rejected Brian’s generous pre-trial guilty plea offer.” Hello, Scott? TWENTY YEARS is NOT a “generous offer,” especially when you believe you’re innocent.
For a parade of hatred and vicious intolerance, be sure to check out the 185 comments to Scott’s story. One name that will keep popping up is “Buttercup.” Hey – look! – she was a juror in the case, and can’t get enough of celebrating the outcome and rubbing it in to anyone who doesn’t like it. We know who she is. She shouldn’t have posted those comments. She will be hearing from the family’s lawyers soon enough.
And speaking of lawyers: Mr Aguirre FINALLY has an honest, competent one in the person of William J. Kopeny, after being taken for a ride by FIVE lawyers who did nothing or next to nothing – five lawyers whom I’ll do the courtesy of not naming for now, but Mr Aguirre will be wanting his money back from some of them. Anyway, Mr. Kopeny has filed an appeal for acquittal or re-trial on the following grounds, and we hope for a positive response for the Court soon:
- The case was tried on a “transferred intent” theory, arguing that the shooting of the victim was a case of “mistaken identity” and that the intent was to kill someone of a rival gang. But transferred intent is a concept that will allow the prosecution to obtain a conviction of an accessory in a case of a completed murder or homicide, BUT NOT IN AN ATTEMPTED HOMICIDE IN WHICH THERE IS NO DEATH.
- The People had the burden of proving that Jesús (not the shooter) had the intent to murder (or at least kill) Ramon Magaña, and they failed to prove that, and instead virtually conceded that he did NOT have that intent. There is insufficient evidence that Jesus intended that Magaña be killed. Merely giving the shooter a gun filled with bird shot does not establish that Jesús had any intent to kill the victim. Nothing Jesús did shows an intent to kill which could be viewed as evidence that HE harbored a “definite and unambiguous intent to kill.”
- The jury was improperly instructed, in both of the above. (And no thanks to defense counsel.)
- The Court also failed to instruct on possibility of lesser offense of attempted voluntary manslaughter.
- And finally, the sentence is cruel/unusual, given Jesús’ age and lack of criminal record.
The contrast between the impunity trigger-happy cops get in this County under DA Rackauckas with this spectacle of draconian punishment is not lost on the people. On that note, there will be a PRESS CONFERENCE AND RALLY TOMORROW MORNING on both this case and the recent controversial officer acquittals, at 10AM (Tuesday 10/26) at the corner of McFadden and Harbor, near the Mariscos Zamora Restaurant.
Meanwhile Jesús tries to keep his spirits up, and is working toward his G.E.D. in case we succeed in freeing him. I’ve written him to let him know a lot of us out here are supporting him; if you’d like to write him as well, his address is [new address as of January 2016…]
Jesús A. Aguirre #AL2694
I.S.P. C – 4 – 242
P.O. Box 2199
Blythe CA 92226
It is imperative in order to save other innocents from being unfairly imprisoned that you do everything possible to release this young man immediately and with deep apology. He should also receive financial compensation from the government for false imprisonment. This is a frame job. This detective Woo sounds like he has a grudge against all hispanics.
I feel for the family and boy. my son was falsely acussed.mistaken identified. and sentenced to 50 to life. 9 yrs he has been gone. first attroney. did a lousy job he him self involved in racketering. now in prison. this other one crap he is not doing anything.last appeal from 9th circuit court denied. and he has not tried to do anything. my son was not even there.
Well I believe if Julio Apparicio wouldn’t had conspired with officer Woo to frame this kid he wouldn’t have been arrested does anyone else pick up on this smh what’s going on with these guys get rid of him he cant be trusted
thats some crazy shit.
I sense we are missing part of the story here. Pellican Bay is a Super Max Prison and my understanding is the primary way one is transferred there, is by committing violent acts in other prisons. The exception might be, keeping a 16 year old kid, in maximum security to avoid him becoming “fresh meat” for the Big Bubbas in a normal prison. Even if the kid was a known “gang banger,” the amount of time reported in the article seems to be is completely out of whack with sentencing guidelines. The minor offenses would most likely not have been taken seriously in the pre-sentencing report by the Probation Department. So the question is; what are we missing from this story?
“So the question is; what are we missing from this story?”
Vern, I’d say that couldn’t have been tee’d up for you any more beautifully…
What’s need to be said about this case, is that the father of the ganbanger is also a known criminal. Being in a gang is not something pretty; god knows how many crimes he has been involved in and NEVER caught. Did the victim have to die in order for the crime to be effective? What do you do to stop those kind of guys from victimizing/terrorizing a whole city? I urge the authorities to stay put and send a message to other gangbangers: We will not tolerate your crimes, not now; not ever. Salute
Whether or not Jesus was a gang member, Life in prison for a 16 year old is a complete injustice and a violation to the 8th amendment which protects us from cruel and unusual punishment. We need to take in consideration that Jesus was not the shooter, the victim did not press charges but did state that Jesus didn’t shoot. Now, while you’re over here saying that these sorts of crimes shouldn’t be tolerated, the shooter is free and enjoying life while Jesus is in Pelican Bay. Tell me where JUSTICE is in that.
“the victim did not press charges” Would you press charges against gang bangers? GOOD LUCK! Let’s send a messege to all the rest of those idiots out there… You commit crimes, we’ll make you regret it! That miserable punk has been, by now, done in the pelicANO many times.
Well, Lieutenant, first of all he was 18 when he got sent upstate. But aside from that, I don’t know anything missing. I’ve told everything I know. If I find out more, I’ll add it in. But it really seems like an outrage.
What were you thinking, anon? Justice? Humanity?
Yeah man, the utter inequalities inherent in our justice system. It call to mind the “two-tiered” justice system Greenwald writes about.
Based on the elements presented in the article, I have to agree that something smells fishy with this case. Knowing the System from the inside, they just don’t take young first time offenders and toss them into a place like Pelican Bay, without mitigating circumstances. I will be watching the appeal with some interest to see what, if any mitigating circumstances were present. Punishment does seem to be out of line.
Vern
There is an organization called ” The Campaign for the Fair Sentencing of Youth’s ”
Children Should Never Be Sentenced to Die in Prison
The Campaign for the Fair Sentencing of Youth is the national campaign working to end the practice of sentencing children to life in prison without the possibility of parole.
http://fairsentencingofyouth.org/
Also, chicano writer Luis J. Rodriguez, a pioneer working with gangs and incarcerated youth, has this website.
http://luisjrodriguez.com/blog
If they have not been contacted already, these websites could hopefully offer some help for Jesus and his parents.
Nice article Vern. Great diagram and
visuals to walk us through this.
I just signed this petition for a re- trial for this young man.
please sign it everyone.
http://www.change.org/petitions/re-trial-or-case-dismissal-for-jesus-a-aguirre
And here you were slowly crawling out of your shit pit over the past couple of weeks into the realm of mere stupidity. As Scott put in his original story, the judge himself said that the sentence was excessive for the crime but that he was bound by California law to give him the maximum. You yourself admit Jesús deserves prison time for his actual crime, so spare us the Angels with Dirty Faces act. Unlike your dribblings, Scott knows a framed Buena Park youth when he sees one, and his name was James Ochoa. Never heard of him? Of course not, because the only thing you know how to do is yammer as much as the Bloviator, while making the same amount of sense.
Haha! Tweak Saint Moxley and wait for ‘Tavo to pop up defending his lady’s honor – it is good sport!
What’s Ochoa got to do with it? Course I know Ochoa. I met him – last time Spitzer trotted him out. Does this somehow make you guys’ dick bigger than mine? I think not.
Let’s see… I stand by every sentence. Good stuff:
“Equal parts lachrymose and judgmental, the article betrays Scotty’s reverence for the law enforcement sources who keep him swimming in salacious scoops. He swoons over ‘accomplished veteran prosecutor’ Brett Brian, while lamenting the inflexible severity of the law – but in fact Brian did NOT HAVE to try Jesús as an adult, OR include gang enhancements, OR charge him with attempted murder…”
This is a disgrace. People who still think we need government to solve anything must have some serious indoctrination to overcome. Government RUINS everything it touches.
This is the kind of thing that demonstrates what a small seemingly semantic shift from “peace officers” to “law enforcement” brings to our society.
Wow cops like this one dont deserve to be cops..hopefully jesus gets released real soon he doesnt deserve this injustice made by this crooked cop. I went to school with this kid and hes a good person that doesnt deserve this. Free jesus!!
FUCK WOO HE IS A DIRTY COP THATS WHY HE IS NO LONGER GANG UNIT NOW I FEEL A LIL BIT SAFER IN THE STREETS FREE JESUS
Just got a second letter back from Jesus … he wants me to send him some books …. he thanks good old Jason Young from Save Anaheim for sending him some money … we’re expecting an answer from the DA next week about our request for a re-trial … again if anyone wants to write him, e-mail me for his address: ChezVern@aol.com
I have some good books to lend (or “lend.”) What sorts would he like?
Oh sorry bro, just saw this — yes please send him books but they have to be soft cover and come direct from Barnes and Noble or Amazon. And remember he barely has a high school education if that. His dad thinks we should send him “inspirational” or “motivational” stuff… but I can think of better ideas — Huck Finn? Basic civics? What did YOU like AND learn from when you were a teenager?
And again, I’ll get you the contact info & instructions…
I was hoping to lend books that I have here at home rather than to buy new ones at Amazon. Where do these regs exist?
PLASE SEND ME HIS ADRESS ALL LOVE TO WRITE HIM LATTERS
OK Yarlin …. I got your e-mail and I’ll respond later today. Like I said, anyone else who wants Jesus’ address, email ChezVern@aol.com
(Chez is French for “at the home of.” And stay in school y’all!)
I recognize him when we both went to jrhigh! noone ever told me what happened with this guy…BTW Reading the first part of this article i was confused “Bird Shot” ?? i never even heard of that? Wasnt till later in this article i guess the guy shot someone… P.S. the gang is only friendly to people they know…otherwise theyll attack you and if they know you can fight theyll pull a weapon…anyways its sad to hear this.. Especially when you grow up to see this new gang “Demons” (diablos,enanos,etc. are old) get formed in elementary and started out as a group of scared, confused young men starting trouble.
P.S. that cop DOES mad dog Latino Kids and as a Latino Resident ive experienced this but never had trouble with him…hes nothing like the Tall white cop with reading glasses…dont know his name since the first i met him he wanted to literally fight me because i stared at his vehicle. BTW i was only 14 at the time.
woo is horrible person that mess up everyones life in bp, to him everybody is a gang member just because we are latino
Justicia para mi primo el. Es inocente … Justicia dejen de robarle su vida a un inocente y castiguen a aquellos que lo merecen
Update based on the defense’s lawyer appeal :
http://www.ocweekly.com/2013-07-11/news/moxley-confidential-jesus-aguirre-jr/2/
Gleeful pinche moxley.
Damn. Views right through the roof. There go my chances for a “Top Story of the Year” repeat. Congratulations, Chairman Vern!
Huh?
Whats goin on
Check the stats. Facebook is crazy for you.
YEAH. WHY WAS THE SHOOTER NOT CHARGED? SEEMS FISHY JUST LIKE MY SONS CASE. THEY HAD THE SHOOTER AND THE GUN. HE FITTED THE DESCRIPTION DOWN TO WHAT HE WAS WEARING. QUESTIONED AND LET GO WITH NO CHARGES. TALK ABOUT BULL SHIT THE GUN WAS NEVER TESTED. THIS HAPPENED IN LA MY SON IN COLTON. PIERREA DECT FROM RAMPART DIVISION CRAPPY INVESTIGATION. LKE SOMEONE MENTIONED THEY JUST WANT A CONVICTION AND DON’T CARE IF THAT PERSON IS INNONCENT. I HOPE AND PRAY HE GETS A RETRAIL. AS FOR MY SON THAT WAS NOT EVEN THERE THAT JUSTICE IS DONE FOR HIM ALSO.. VERY HARSH PUNISHMENT FOR A BB GUN. AND NO ONE DIED….
wow, this is so sad
O M G ! Poor baby .he dont diserve that hes always had a realy big heart if someone can please give me his info
Just because shotguns fire pellets doesn’t make them pellet guns. This article goes out of its way to make it sound like it was an air rifle.
Hmmm… yes, fair enough, I’m sure when I chose how to phrase things my sympathy toward the defendant affects my choices. It wasn’t an air rifle and I didn’t say so. It was a shotgun loaded with birdshot, or pellets. You could call that, in effect, a pellet gun.
A shotgun loaded with bird shot is absolutely not a pellet gun….
How isn’t it justice when you hand a gang member a sawed off shot gun to shoot someone especially a female but instead shoots her brother. It wasn’t a pellet gun. It also wasn’t 2 car lengths away. They shot this guy around 5 o’clock pm in front of the apartment complex where children were still outside playing. Kids and ladies were screaming and running all over the place terrified. These alleged gang members knows right from wrong.
Vern, TV Noticias 62 covered the rally that took place in Santa Ana today. Any new development on this case?
FuK woo allways used too try to bust me an the homies at the HS! Darlington bloc and 8th wassup
It wasn’t a pellet gun…. It was a shotgun for your information. Shooting anyone with a shotgun is attempted murder. I went to school with this kid & I know all the details. It was a SHOTGUN. not a pellet gun .
& how could he have no prior criminal record ? The kid was on probation at the time of the shooting.. Get your facts straight .
Great Article thank you for this! I know the parents of Jesus and they are great people It is heart-breaking to know that we have a system in place that will keep on criminalizing US minorities, US people of color.
I would like to write to Jesus Aguirre if i may have his information i would gladly appreciate it.
Allright, Britaney, I have got it now! Ready?
Jesus A. Aguirre #AL2694
PBSP A-3-115
PO Box 7500
Crescent City CA 95532
And now Julio Aparicio, facing 15 for an ACTUAL MURDER he DID NOT commit. These cops simply want to set these kids as examples to the growing youth following the senseless route of being from east side Buena Park.
Raise your children right Buena Park residents. I’ve lived here 15 years, I have children whom are friends & associates of this in the gang by default; meaning these kids were close friends in elementary! Long before the less unfortunate chose the route of becoming a “gangster.”
I as a father, know many of these, “gangsters,” to those who judge by the way of their looks. I on the other hand, know them as the same little kids that’d come for birthday parties, football games, sleepovers, etc… It’s all about proper parenting. Mind you I have 3 young adults now, 19, 24 & 27. They are not the smartest kids in the world, but they know enough of what’s right & what’s wrong. They’re loyal to the friends they met before the others decided to choose the “East Side Buena Park Gang” route.
Despite the fact of a lot of are facing time in prison, if my sons & I ever run into them while out, we will never neglect them the morals out family was taught. With that being said, free those who are innocent, & to those who aren’t? Suffer the consequences of breaking the law of the United States democracy.
NEW ADDRESS for Jesús Aguirre, as of July 2015, he loves getting letters from you-all:
Jesús A. Aguirre #AL2694
C-2 204
PO Box 2210
Susanville CA 96127
I have to agree with a lot of this comments who are talking about woo, that do call “Cop” or gang unit officer is a very rude, aggressive,racist person. Who always says he hates gang members but him Bryce Garcia and Shadow act worse then a gang member when they see a Hispanic guy walking in the street.
I personally had different incidents with him because he tried to interrogate a 5 years old regarding the neigbords life. Isn’t that violating the law to interrogate a minor with out a parents permission specially because the minor had no relation of what so ever? Woo is a total trash to city
New address as of Jan 2016, if you’d like to write Jesús:
Jesús A. Aguirre #AL2694
I.S.P. C – 4 – 242
P.O. Box 2199
Blythe CA 92226
Do any of these various addresses mean that he’s being moved from Pelican Bay to another facility? If not, why are they changing — and all over the state?
Yes, he’s been moved to a couple different prisons, now he is a lot closer to his family … in whatever prison is in Blythe, I should know. I thought I mentioned that in our “best stories” post.
I have read the information on Jesus and I will be writing to him . I believe I have met him in juvenile jail in 2009 2010 . the main thing is what a bunch of crap from the DA to the cops to the attorney . the corruption in OC is so bad.
Me myself am going to trial right now and charged with things that are so wrong that I did not do thank god I have a great attorney .The DA office cops judges have it after me because I have information against them a OC judge and some Attorneys hey stole over 2million from my family. If you would like to talk sometime let me know the information about these people needs to be known. Thanks for writing the info on Jesus
I grew up in this neighborhood and I can tell you that no one gets these tattoos of ESBP if they aren’t in that gang. I certainly didn’t and neither did any of my friends. I can attest to the fact that the police department will crack down hard on individuals who are committing crime in that city. I know first hand as I got thrown in jail at a young age for a crime less serious that the one mentioned in this story. Buy the fact is that there’s no way that 12 jurors and a judge will send a 16 year old away for life if he wasn’t a serious threat to society. That being said it doesn’t seem like the punishment fits the crime seeing that no one was killed. So it leads me to believe that the author of this article is not telling us the entire story. I’m sure this kid has a long wrap sheet. Cops in Buena Park are harsh to say the least but they generally won’t bother you if you aren’t causing problems. That fact that they knew him on a first name basis tells me enough.
The Denouement: Governor Commutes Sentence, Jesús’ Home Free! And there was great rejoicing…http://www.orangejuiceblog.com/2018/01/jesus-aguirre-comes-home/
Well I believe that he would have never been arrested for this crime if his own so called friend Julio hadn’t conspired with woo to frame him and to get him to talk about the case does anyone see that there is a piece of shit in there neighborhood he has to be dealt with and has to go also pay attention who you call your homies Julio Appricio is a rat